圣母大学 University of Notre Dame

成绩相关 Grade descriptors

注：D是本科生及格成绩；C-是商学院研究生及格成绩；C是研究生最低及格成绩。

研究不端行为（Research Misconduct）定义为捏造、伪造或剽窃，包括以下三种类型：

#	原文 Policy wording	释义
1	Fabrication is defined as making up data or results and recording or reporting them.	捏造：捏造数据或结果并记录或报告。
2	Falsification is manipulating research materials, equipment, or processes or changing or omitting data or results such that the research is not accurately represented in the research record.	伪造：操纵研究材料、设备或过程，改变或省略数据或结果，使研究不能准确反应在记录中。
3	Plagiarism is the appropriation of another person’s ideas, processes, results, or words without giving appropriate credit.	剽窃：盗用他人的想法、过程、结果或文字。

学术诚信案件的处理结果会区分 educational outcome、minor offense、major offense 和 flagrant offense：

#	原文 Policy wording	释义
1	An Educational Outcome may be used for cases that may approach the level of a violation of the Honor Code, but that do not involve any apparent dishonesty and instead reflect a student’s misunderstanding of the conventional or appropriate academic standards. An Educational Outcome is not a penalty.	Educational Outcome 适用于接近违反荣誉准则但未表现出明显不诚实、更多反映学生误解学术规范的情况；这不是正式处罚。
2	A minor offense is a less serious violation which normally carries the penalty of zero credit for the work with respect to which the violation occurred.	Minor offense 通常处罚为涉事作业/评估零分。
3	A major offense is a more serious violation which normally carries the penalty of an ‘F’ in the course.	Major offense 通常处罚为该课程 F。
4	A flagrant offense is a violation of an unusually grave nature, and may warrant the penalty of dismissal with the opportunity to apply for readmission to the University (after one or more semesters) or permanent dismissal.	Flagrant offense 属特别严重违规，可能导致开除并允许一学期或更久后申请重新入学，或永久开除。
5	If the student has a prior violation, the Director of Academic Standards assigns a further penalty for the repeated offense, up to and including permanent dismissal.	如学生已有既往违规记录，重复违规可被加重处罚，最高可至永久开除。

学生需要在收到通知后的10个日历日内以书面形式向教务长（Provost）提起上诉，学校会根据上诉内容进行审查以及调查，学生可能会被要求参加听证会，可能导致研究不端认定被推翻或修改的上诉将在提交后的120个日历日内完成审查，将最终结果通知学生。